Reputation of Electric Vehicles in the Environment of Carbon Reduction and Accelerated Digitization

The accelerated digitization of the third decade of the twenty-first century poses a challenge both for science and for practice. The study presents partial results of continuous research on online reputation management of entities operating in the environment of low-carbon economy. The aim of the study is the application of a standardized methodology for calculating the Total level of Online Reputation (TOR) to determine the market position of selected Electric Vehicles (EVs) compared to the market position of conventional Vehicles with Internal Combustion Engines (ICEVs) in the online environment. The research sample consists of the ten best-selling Vehicles and the ten best-selling Electric Vehicles in the world by sales in the year 2021. Based on the measurement results and the subsequent analysis of the context, it can be concluded that the EV market shows the parameters of a developing market not only from the point of view of sales but also in terms of the overall level of Online Reputation as such. At the same time, it is possible to point out a high geographical specificity and significant disproportionality of the EV market compared to ICEVs. From the overall market perspective, the future of cars in the EV category is still unclear, as building trust in low-carbon products is limited by historical tradition. The main representatives of the EV industry thus represent the first forays of the onset of the low-carbon era in individual transport. The description of the issue will require the monitoring of status indicators over time. The results of the presented study can thus serve as a baseline and methodological framework for further research of the adoption of low-carbon policies in common practice.

Data-Driven Analysis and Optimization for Urban Energy Systems Equitable Resilience

Electric vehicles (EVs) can be leveraged as power resources to support the grid operation in challenging scenarios, e.g., natural disasters or health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aims to enhance equity of power resilience in urban energy systems by means of strategic allocation of EV charging infrastructure. We first use data-driven approaches to infer the relationships between communities' power resilience equity and available EV charging infrastructure as well as other prominent social-demographic factors. This inference leads to the development of a machine learning model for power resilience inequity prediction. We further develop an optimization frame-work that jointly considers equitable resiliency and resource utilization to guide the optimized EV charging infrastructure allocation across the city. Case studies demonstrate the capability of the devised approach in enhancing power resilience equity in marginalized communities. © 2023 IEEE.

An Electric Vehicle Assisted Charging Mechanism for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

The global greenhouse effect and air pollution problems have been deteriorating in recent years. The power generation in the future is expected to shift from fossil fuels to renewables, and many countries have also announced the ban on the sale of vehicles powered by fossil fuels in the next few decades, to effectively alleviate the global greenhouse effect and air pollution problems. In addition to electric vehicles (EVs) that will replace traditional fuel vehicles as the main ground transportation vehicles in the future, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have also gradually and more recently been widely used for military and civilian purposes. The recent literature estimated that UAVs will become the major means of transport for goods delivery services before 2040, and the development of passenger UAVs will also extend the traditional human ground transportation to low-altitude airspace transportation. In recent years, the literature has proposed the use of renewable power supply, battery swapping, and charging stations to refill the battery of UAVs. However, the uncertainty of renewable power generation cannot guarantee the stable power supply of UAVs. It may even be very possible that a large number of UAVs need to be charged during the same period, causing congestion in charging stations or battery swapping facilities and delaying the arranged schedules of UAVs. Although studies have proposed the method of that employing moving EVs along with wireless charging technology in order to provide electricity to UAVs with urgent needs, the charging schemes are still oversimplified and have many restrictions. In addition, different charging options should be provided to fit the individual need of each UAV. In view of this, this work attempts to meet the mission characteristics and needs of various UAVs by providing an adaptive flight path and charging plan attached to individual UAVs, as well as reducing the power load of the renewable power generation during the peak period. We ran a series of simulations for the proposed flight path and charging mechanism to evaluate its performance. The simulation results revealed that the solutions proposed in this work can be used by UAV operators to fit the needs of each individual UAV.

Various charging Methods in Electric Vehicle Application: A Review

During the covid pandemic, air quality has improved due to prolonged lockdown conditions. Hence according to the international energy agency, about 22% of environmental pollution is contributed by the transportation sector. Electric vehicles help in reducing the contribution towards carbon emission and help in mitigating the fossil fuel crisis and also promotes sustainable transportation. To enhance the growth of electric vehicle, charging infrastructure and range anxiety issues in the long drive has to be resolved. This paper reviews the various charging methods available for an electric vehicle. Some charging methods are wired and wireless charging, solar-powered, battery-swapping, vehicle-to-grid and vehicle-to-vehicle charging. A comparative study of these methods is tabulated. Based on the limitation of each method the optimum charging method for a vehicle is adapted for a particular application. © 2023 IEEE.

Selection of a Photovoltaic Carport Power for an Electric Vehicle

The increasing number of electric vehicles is forcing new solutions in the field of charging infrastructure. One such solution is photovoltaic carports, which have a double task. Firstly, they enable the generation of electricity to charge vehicles, and secondly, they protect the vehicle against the excessive heating of its interior. This article presents the functioning of a small carport for charging an electric vehicle. Attention is drawn to the problems of selecting the peak power of the photovoltaic system for charging an electric vehicle. An economic and energy analysis is carried out for the effective use of photovoltaic carports. In this article, we present the use of the Metalog family of distributions to predict the production of electricity by a photovoltaic carport with the accuracy of probability distribution.

Design of Auto-Tuning Nonlinear PID Tracking Speed Control for Electric Vehicle with Uncertainty Consideration

This study presents a new auto-tuning nonlinear PID controller for a nonlinear electric vehicle (EV) model. The purpose of the proposed control was to achieve two aims. The first aim was to enhance the dynamic performance of the EV regarding internal and external disturbances. The second aim was to minimize the power consumption of the EV. To ensure that these aims were achieved, two famous controllers were implemented. The first was the PID controller based on the COVID-19 optimization. The second was the nonlinear PID (NPID) optimized controller, also using the COVID-19 optimization. Several driving cycles were executed to compare their dynamic performance and the power consumption. The results showed that the auto-tuning NPID had a smooth dynamic response, with a minimum rise and settling time compared to other control techniques (PID and NPID controllers). Moreover, it achieved low continuous power consumption throughout the driving cycles. © 2023 by the author.

The fuel cell electric vehicles: The highlight review

Transportation sector is the important sector and consumed the most fossil fuel in the world. Since COVID-19 started in 2019, this sector had become the world connector because every country relies on logistics. The transportation sector does not only deal with the human transportation but also relates to logistics. Research in every country has searched for alternative transportation to replace internal combustion engines using fossil fuel, one of the most prominent choices is fuel cells. Fuel cells can use hydrogen as fuel. Hydrogen can be fed to the fuel cells to provide electric power to drive vehicles, no greenhouse gas emission and no direct combustion required. The fuel cells have been developed widely as the 21st century energy-conservation devices for mobile, stationary, and especially vehicles. The fuel cell electric vehicles using hydrogen as fuel were also called hydrogen fuel cell vehicles or hydrogen electric vehicles. The fuel cells were misconceived by several people that they were batteries, but the fuel cells could provide electric power continuously if their fuel was provided continuously. The batteries could provide electric power as their only capacities, when all ions are released, no power could be provided. Because the fuel cell vehicles play important roles for our future transportation, the overall review for these vehicles is significantly interesting. This overall review can provide general and technical information, variety of readers;vehicle users, manufacturers, and scientists, can perceive and understand the fuel cell vehicles within this review. The readers can realize how important the fuel cell technologies are and support research around the world to drive the fuel cell vehicles to be the leading vehicles in our sustainable developing world. [Display omitted] • Fuel cells use hydrogen as fuel to provide electric power. • Fuel cells do not emit greenhouse gas and do not require direct combustion. • The fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are one of the zero emission vehicles. • Fuel cell technology has been developed for many types of vehicles. • Hydrogen production, transportation, storage and usage links play roles on FCEVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Identifying vehicles as green cars using Q methodology: Viewpoints of Korean transport policy experts

The recent trend of transitioning from cars with internal combustion engines to green cars has accelerated amidst growing concerns of a climate crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. South Korea is a particularly good test bed for exploring green mobility alternatives and setting priorities for green car policies, owing to its fast-growing green car market and its considerable share in the worldwide purchases of fuel cell electric vehicles. Accordingly, this study explores the Korean conceptualization of green cars and the prioritization of different aspects of future green car policy using qualitative Q methodology and additional interviews. A total of 31 transport policy experts participated in our survey, resulting in three distinct perspectives: a hybrid vehicle supporter with comparative pragmatism, an electric vehicle supporter from multiple aspects, and a radical ecologist searching for new alternatives. Based on these expert insights, we determine the most appropriate green car type and provide important recommendations for future green car policy. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Electric Vehicle and Electrical Engineering Teaching Experience During Pandemic Disease

During the three years of Pandemic Disease, the world of academic teaching has had a substantial change. The usual in-person or face-to-face teaching has been transformed into online teaching. For electrical engineering, the instruction usually includes heavyweight experiments or practical tests;therefore, online teaching faces challenges. A recent electric vehicle course has been proposed in the Master level and the challenge of the course is reported in this paper. The experience that has been encountered is discussed and the proposed method of teaching is described in the paper. Useful experience and learning outcomes are listed. Data are collected before and after the Covid-19 teaching. It is found that online education did not deteriorate the learning outcome. © 2022 IEEE.

Charging after Lockdown: The Aftermath of COVID-19 Policies on Electric Vehicle Charging Behaviour in The Netherlands

During the COVID-19—related lockdowns (2020–2022), mobility patterns and charging needs were substantially affected. Policies such as work from home, lockdowns, and curfews reduced traffic and commuting significantly. This global pandemic may have also substantially changed mobility patterns on the long term and therefore the need for electric vehicle charging infrastructure. This paper analyzes changes in electric charging in the Netherlands for different user groups during different phases of the COVID-19 lockdown to assess the effects on EV charging needs. Charging needs dropped significantly during this period, which also changed the distribution of the load on the electricity grid throughout the day. Curfews affected the start times of charging sessions during peak hours of grid consumption. Infrastructure dedicated to commuters was used less intensively, and the charging needs of professional taxi drivers were drastically reduced during lockdown periods. These trends were partially observed during a post–lockdown measuring period of roughly 8 months, indicating a longer shift in mobility and charging patterns. © 2023 by the authors.

Role of Standardized Battery Pack Geometry in Electric Vehicles Design

The Electric Vehicle (EV) industry is growing in India despite Covid 19 challenges. The scope of this paper is to understand the need for approaches towards range anxiety solutions. It highlights the current development in the standardization principles using lean techniques and how this can help standardization in-vehicle platform architecture and battery of an EV. This review paper analyses the four different case studies in the EV context and justifies how the EV battery pack is the right candidate for standardization. The study highlights the benefits, challenges, and associated factors to address these challenges. The paper concludes how the standardized EV battery pack helps manage the Range Anxiety for many stakeholders in the EV ecosystem in Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Customer (B2C) segments. Finally, the paper highlights the future research scope towards EV Battery Pack Geometry Form Factor standardization. © 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.

The fuel cell electric vehicles: The highlight review

Transportation sector is the important sector and consumed the most fossil fuel in the world. Since COVID-19 started in 2019, this sector had become the world connector because every country relies on logistics. The transportation sector does not only deal with the human transportation but also relates to logistics. Research in every country has searched for alternative transportation to replace internal combustion engines using fossil fuel, one of the most prominent choices is fuel cells. Fuel cells can use hydrogen as fuel. Hydrogen can be fed to the fuel cells to provide electric power to drive vehicles, no greenhouse gas emission and no direct combustion required. The fuel cells have been developed widely as the 21st century energy-conservation devices for mobile, stationary, and especially vehicles. The fuel cell electric vehicles using hydrogen as fuel were also called hydrogen fuel cell vehicles or hydrogen electric vehicles. The fuel cells were misconceived by several people that they were batteries, but the fuel cells could provide electric power continuously if their fuel was provided continuously. The batteries could provide electric power as their only capacities, when all ions are released, no power could be provided. Because the fuel cell vehicles play important roles for our future transportation, the overall review for these vehicles is significantly interesting. This overall review can provide general and technical information, variety of readers;vehicle users, manufacturers, and scientists, can perceive and understand the fuel cell vehicles within this review. The readers can realize how important the fuel cell technologies are and support research around the world to drive the fuel cell vehicles to be the leading vehicles in our sustainable developing world. © 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

Improving the quality of the power supply during the period of covid-19 using plug-in electric vehicles and artificial intelligence

COVID-19, corona virus disease, has been ravaging the world since the last quarter of 2019. To address this threat, the World Health Organization (WHO) has established a list of priority medical equipment that must be used by hospitals and clinics. These equipments are in fact non-linear harmonic-producing loads that have a detrimental effect on the devices and degrade the quality of the power supply. In this paper a parallel active filter: a neuronal harmonic compensation strategy based on plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) connected to the charging stations in the parking lot of hospitals and clinics and artificial intelligence is proposed in order to improve the quality of power supply thus protecting medical equipment in order to save lives. This strategy will be simulated in MATLAB and the results will be presented as evidence of its effectiveness. © 2022 IEEE.

Online Competition of Small Electric Vehicle as an Exercise in Design Education - pico-EV Eco Challenge

To develop sustainable societies, it is necessary to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Therefore, widespread use of electric vehicles (EVs) is the need. Many subjects such as mathematics-and physics-based-mechanics of machine taught at the universities are useful to meet this problem. However, to design EVs, the ability to unify such knowledge along with the fabrication cost, time management, and teamwork management is necessary. We think that EV competition is a useful exercise in design education that helps develop this ability. Considering the energy problem, we proposed an official competition for small EVs, named 'pico-EV Eco Challenge', as an exercise in engineering design education. In this competition, a small one-person EV using only small rechargeable batteries (7.2 V, 1000 mAh in total) is fabricated and the fabricated EVs run a 60 m circuit. The competition in the years 2021 and 2022 was held on online due to COVID19 pandemic. In this paper, the competition criteria, the flow and the analyses of EVs on 2021 competition are described. © 2022 ICROS.

Electric Vehicle Charging Behavior Prediction using Machine Learning Models

The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the electric vehicle (EV) industry. The lockdown restriction has resulted in a significant shift in the use of public charging infrastructures. This paper investigates the effects of COVID-19 on electric vehicle users' charging behavior before, after, and during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, using the data from a public charging facility from the City of California. In this study, we performed data visualization using K-means and hierarchical clustering analysis. This work uses the vehicle's connection and disconnection time to identify common charging pattern identification and charging behavior where K-means clustering outperforms the hierarchical clustering for all three different scenarios modelled. In addition, prediction of collective charging session duration is achieved using Machine Learning Models, Random Forest and XgBoost. We achieved a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.146 and 0.151 percent for XgBoost and Random Forest respectively. © 2022 IEEE.

Current Situation and Trend of Electric Vehicle Battery Business - Take CATL as an example

New energy vehicles are one of the most important strategic emerging industries in China. Lithium battery is the universal choice of energy supply for new energy vehicles at present, which has the advantage of security and stability compared with other new energy sources. China has a complete lithium battery industry chain from lithium mining to battery manufacturing. The CATL is one of the large enterprises of this chain. However, with the rise of domestic competitors, foreign enterprises such as LG Chem have entered the Chinese market strongly. The intensification of market competition and the possible adjustment of national policies make the development of CATL facing many challenges. As early as before the COVID-19, the profits of CATL had declined, and the research on the strategic development of CATL has important practical significance. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and threats faced by the power battery business of CATL through the SWOT analysis model. Based on the analysis of the development strategic direction corresponding to the combination of the four elements of the internal and external environment in the model, it is concluded that under the background of the emerging new energy vehicle industry and the gradual improvement of the market, CATL should seek diversified development strategic direction (ST strategy). [ FROM AUTHOR]

A Review of Factors Influencing the Adoption of Electric Vehicles in the World

The road transport sector has a direct effect on fossil energy sources, cost, and consumption. Indeed, it has affected the environmental situation reversely with high carbon dioxide emissions. Due to this negative impact, the transition to electric vehicle (EV) technology must be a mandatory target for governments worldwide. To achieve this objective, many countries have developed various policies to promote EV technology buying or retrofitting. Thanks to the adopted policies, the electric technology market share has been growing. Meanwhile, research studies are involved also in this project by studying the benefit of EV technology low total cost of ownership (TCO) to motivate consumers of its utilization. For that purpose, the present paper aims to review the discussed policies, and methods to boost the diffusion of electric technology as a sustainable and reliable solution to overcome the global energy situation despite the different obstacles, barriers, and the pandemic situation (COVID-19), which has affected the consumer economic and social behavior. © 2022 IEEE.

Adaptive Controller with PID, FOPID, and NPID Compensators for Tracking Control of Electric - Wind Vehicle

This paper presents a new combination between the Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) with several types of PID's controllers (PID, Fractional order PID (FOPID), and Nonlinear PID (NPID)) optimized using a new Covid-19 algorithm. The proposed control techniques had been applied on a new model for an electric-wind vehicle, which can catch the wind that blows in the opposite direction of a moving vehicle to receive wind;a wind turbine is installed on the vehicle's front. The generator converts wind energy into electricity and stores it into a backup battery to switch it when the primary battery is empty. The simulation results prove that the new model of electric-wind vehicles will save power and allow the vehicle to continue moving while the other battery charges. In addition, a comparative study between different types of control algorithms had been developed and investigated to improve the vehicle dynamic response. The comparison shows that the MRAC with the NPID compensator can absorb the nonlinearity (air resistance and wheel friction) where it has a minimum overshoot, rise time, and settling time (35 seconds) among other control techniques compensators (PID and FOPID). © 2022 Department of Agribusiness, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. All Rights Reserved.

Photovoltaic systems with secondhand batteries of electric vehicles and their social implementation in times of COVID-19

As people spend more time at home during the COVID-19 pandemic, residential electricity consumption is increasing. To prevent global warming, the increased electricity consumption should be covered by renewable energy, e.g. photovoltaic (PV) power generation. However, PV systems are unstable power sources due to weather conditions;it is necessary to stabilize the residential PV power supply by using batteries. Now, electric vehicles (EV) are beginning to spread, especially in emerging countries. The EV batteries are useful for stabilizing the residential PV power supply. The idea of V2X, using EVs as batteries for buildings, is well-known but still a work in progress. Instead of V2X, we started an experiment based on another idea that we use the secondhand EV lithiumion batteries to stabilize the residential PV power supply. Since 2017, the experiment has been conducted in Yamaguchi in order to evaluate the self-sufficiency of a PV system with the stationary battery, which reused secondhand EV lithium-ion batteries as its components. Analysis of the experimental data revealed that the self-sufficiency of PV system was improved by up to 1.75 times with the stationary storage battery compared to the case without the stationary storage battery. © 2021 IEEE.

A Multi-Mode Public Transportation System Using Vehicular to Network Architecture

The number of accidents in the campus of Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) has increased due to increasing number of personal vehicles. In this paper, we focus on the development of public transportation system using Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) along with the limitation of personal vehicles using sharing economy model. The SUT Smart Transit is utilized as a major public transportation system, while MoreSai@SUT (electric motorcycle services) is a minor public transportation system in this work. They are called Multi-Mode Transportation system as a combination. Moreover, a Vehicle to Network (V2N) is used for developing the Multi-Mode Transportation system in the campus. Due to equipping vehicles with On Board Unit (OBU) and 4G LTE modules, the real time speed and locations are transmitted to the cloud. The data is then applied in the proposed mathematical model for the estimation of Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA). In terms of vehicle classifications and counts, we deployed CCTV cameras, and the recorded videos are analyzed by using You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm. The simulation and measurement results of SUT Smart Transit and MoreSai@SUT before the covid-19 pandemic are discussed. Contrary to the existing researches, the proposed system is implemented in the real environment. The final results unveil the attractiveness and satisfaction of users. Also, due to the proposed system, the CO2 gas gets reduced when Multi-Mode Transportation is implemented practically in the campus.